circumcision of the heart, the fulfillment of the law, and the forgiveness of sins—are all fulfilled in the Church. Moreover, since the Church includes Gentiles, the covenant of Abraham is fulfilled as well. All these promises to Israel were anticipated to come with the new creation. It is Paul’s contention that through union with Christ, the blessings of the new creation have invaded the present, and the recipients of these blessings should be viewed as the new Israel. Because the promises of OT